Select the correct definition for inductive and deductive approaches in IMM.

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate terms or phrases:

A __________ approach will often use a theory of change (or a similar methodology) that can help to map out how activities, products, and services lead to social change, and the assumptions behind this. Before monitoring and evaluating a theory of change, it’s important to build an existing picture of the __________ behind your theory of change and the confidence you have in the different chains of cause and effect (and assumptions behind this). Your own experience, and that of your stakeholders, is key to developing your theory of change, but going beyond this into __________ in the wider world is also important.

Triple loop learning is a framework that goes beyond just assessing if activities are being implemented effectively. It also examines whether we are doing the right activities by questioning our assumptions and their impact. Finally, it explores how we make decisions about what activities are considered right or necessary, focusing on the underlying principles and values guiding these choices.

Which of the following statements best describes a way to build confidence in your theory of change?

Theory failure occurs when a programme is implemented as planned, but either the services provided do not produce the expected immediate effects on participants, or the ultimate social benefits intended are not achieved, or both. Theory failure can occur due to several reasons, such as ____________, incorrect assumptions behind the activities, external factors, or challenges with delivery.

IMM objectives are broad statements that outline the overall goals and purposes of our monitoring, evaluation and learning. Setting objectives helps to guide the entire monitoring, evaluation and learning process, ensuring that it remains focused and relevant. It also gets key stakeholders on the same page with where to prioritise IMM

Fill in the blanks:

The OECD DAC evaluation criteria include __________, which assesses whether a project/intervention meets the needs of its target population; __________, which evaluates the extent to which project objectives have been achieved; __________, which examines if the benefits of a project continue after it has ended. Additionally, __________ looks at the difference that the intervention makes, __________ reviews how well the project fits with other interventions, and __________ measures the relationship between the resources used and the results achieved.

Which of the following is NOT a key factor to consider when developing learning questions to ensure they are fully representative of the populations in which you work?

What is the primary reason for involving both internal and external stakeholders in the development of IMM (Impact Measurement and Management) objectives and learning questions?

Causal contribution occurs when there is evidence that an activity has led to changes in the lives of the people or communities you support, but you cannot pinpoint exactly what this impact has been. In contrast, ____________ describes a situation where you can confidently estimate to what extent your activities have led to a particular outcome.

Which of the following are the three broad strategies for causal attribution in impact evaluations according to the UNICEF Office of Research?

When random assignment is impractical or unethical, such as when assigning students to different teaching methods, an ____________ design is not feasible. In these cases, a ____________ design is used, which compares the results of two groups without random assignment. For example, groups can be assigned through ____________ matching, where groups are matched based on the researcher’s judgement of important variables.

Checking the consistency of evidence with causal relationships across the scope or focus of the evaluation, the budget available, expertise available, donor requirements, ethical approaches and timing can help an organisation choose between counterfactual approaches, if conducting an impact evaluation.

Which of the following best describes internal validity in the context of experimental and quasi-experimental design?

Decolonising evaluation refers to the process of recognising and addressing the colonial roots and biases inherent in many conventionally used evaluation approaches. It involves critically examining evaluation practices, theories, and frameworks to ensure they are inclusive, equitable, and representative of diverse cultural contexts and knowledge systems. The goal is to shift power dynamics, centre historically marginalised voices, and challenge dominant Western-centric evaluation paradigms.